Urology (aka: genitourinary surgery) is a surgical subspecialty that tackles a wide spectrum of disease involving the male and female urinary tract and the male reproductive system. Urologists manage afflictions ranging from genitourinary malignancies (renal cell carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, testicular carcinoma, etc. . .) and renal stones to congenital genitourinary defects, perineal reconstruction, and male infertility.

Although Urologists are surgeons, a significant part of the urologic practice also involves medical management of disease (i.e. no knife).

The American Urologic Association (AUA), the governing body for the specialty, divides Urology into seven subspecialties:

Oncology	Surgical management of neoplasms involving the: Kidneys Adrenals Ureters Bladder Prostate Urethra Testicles External Genitalia
Calculi	Medical, endoscopic, extracorporeal, percutaneous, and surgical management of stones of the urinary tract.
Female Urology	Medical and surgical management of incontinence and pelvic outlet relaxation disorders.
Infertility	Medical and surgical treatment of male infertility.
Pediatrics	Medical and surgical treatment of urological disease in the pediatric population.
Transplant	Renal transplantation.
Neurourology	Urodynamic evaluation of patients; medical and surgical management of voiding disorders and erectile dysfunction.

Below is a list of surgical procedures that are performed by urologists:

Organs System	Surgical Procedure
Kidney and Perinephrium	Partial nephrectomy laparoscopic Nephrectomy partial laparoscopic partial simple donor radical (w/ excision of vena caval tumor thrombus) laparoscopic robotic Nephroureterectomy laparoscopic robotic Renal transplantation Renal arterial grafts Splenorenal and hepatorenal arterial bypass procedures Adrenalectomy laparoscopic Pyeoloplasty Pyeoloureteroplasty Symphisiotomy of horseshoe kidney Repair of lacerated kidney Surgery for renal abscesses Excision of renal cyst Nephrostomy Pyelostomy Nephroscopy Endopyelotomy Pyelonephrolithotomy Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Retroperitoneum and Ureter	Ureterocalicostomy Ureterolithomoty Psoas hitch Boari flap Ureterovesical anastomosis, reimplantation Ureterocolic anastomosis Ileoureteral substitution Ureteroileal conduit Ureteroureterostomy Transureteroureterostomy Ureterovaginal fistula repair Repair of ureteral injuries/transections Ureterectomy Ureteral reimplantation Megaureter repair Ureteroscopy basket extraction of stone laser lithotripsy ultrasound lithotripsy electrohydraulic lithotripsy ureteral stenting Laparoscopic surgery of the ureter Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLND) transperitoneal laporoscopic Ureterolysis for indiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis Intracorporeal Lithotripsy Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) Endoscopic management of ureteral strictures / fistulas Lower tract surgery for ureterocele and duplication anomalies Prune Belly Syndrome management
Bladder	Cystectomy partial radical: includes hysterectomy and anterior vaginectomy in female and prostatectomy in men conduit diversion ileal continent diversion (Kock pouch) cutaneous continent ileocecal reservoir ileocolic neobladder orthotopic continent diversion Bladder extrophy repair Excision of urachus and repair of bladder Repair of ruptured bladder Vesical diverticulectomy Vesical fistula repair Cystolithotomy/Cystolithalopaxy Closure of fistula Cystoscopy flexible rigid Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) Laser Treatment of Bladder Cancer Augmentation cystoplasty Sacral Nerve Stimulation
Urethra	Meatotomy and repair Excision of stricture Diverticulectomy Excision of posterior urethral valves Artificial urinary sphincter implant Urethroplasty Urethrectomy Repair of urethral fistula Repair of urethral diverticula Peri-urethral collagen injection for incontinence Fistula repair Dilation of stricture Biopsy Endoscopy Endoscopic Treatment of Urethral Strictures
Prostate and Seminal Vesicles	Radical Prostatectomy (radical procedure includes excision of seminal vesicles) retropubic perineal laporoscopic robotic Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection laparoscopic Suprapubic Prostatectomy Trans Urethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) Needle biopsy of the prostate Ablation of prostatic tissue RF energy Microwave Laser Ultrasound Prostatic stenting Seminal vesiculectomy
Testes	Orchiectomy simple radical Orchiopexy (repair of congenital undescended testicle) Herniorrhaphy Hydrocelectomy Varicocelectomy laparoscopic varix ligation Spermatocelectomy Vasectomy Microscopic vasovasostomy Microscopic vasoepididymostomy Epididymal sperm retrival Management of male factor infertility Management of testicular torsion
External genitalia	Penectomy with inguinal lymphadenectomy Surgery for priapism Surgery for Peyronie's disease Resection of Fournier's gangrene Vascular surgery for treatment of impotence Repair of penile fracture Implantation of penile prosthesis for treatment of impotence Hypospadias repair Epispadias repair Circumcision Congenital urethral duplication management Ambiguous genitalia management Colovaginoplasty for vaginal recontruction
Pelvic floor	Urethrovesical suspension for stress incontinence Burch colposuspension Pubovaginal slings Artificial sphyncter Paravaginal repair Cystocele repair Rectocele repair Enterocele repair Laparoscopic surgery for stress incontinence Periurethral injection for intrinsic sphincter dysfunction

• Here's what else you can find out about Urology at UrologyMatch.com:

• Choosing Urology section describes why the field of GU Surgery is so popular among medical students.
• Becoming a Urologist section is a guide to the AUA Match.
  • Urology Faculty Survey: Spring of 2003 UrologyMatch.com poll of urology department chairs and residency program directors around the country about their outlook on the AUA match.
  • Residency Links Page is a unique compilation of links to the FREIDA, AUA, and department page for every GU residency in the US.
• Discussion Forums is a message board to share thoughts and ideas about the AUA match and urology-related topics.
• Clinical Workshop is a unique multimedia online urologic surgical atlas.
• Expert Advice is an area of the site where urologic leaders share their insights with young and future urologists.
• Links Page is collection of URLs for other uro-related sites on the web.