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In this case we present imaging findings characteristic of chronic genitourinary schistosomiasis. Schistosoma haematobium, a blood fluke endemic to Africa and the Middle East, is a prominent cause of hematuria and bladder cancer in regions lacking adequate water sanitation. Luminal calcifications of the genitourinary tract, i.e. of the bladder and/or ureters, from deposition of fluke eggs are a classic sign of chronic S.haematobium infection and should raise suspicion for the disease even when urine or serological tests are negative.

To evaluate whether there is an association between severity of cardiovascular morbidity and urge urinary incontinence (UUI), and to assess the clinical responses of postmenopausal female patients in different cardiovascular risk groups to anticholinergics.

A Cowper's Duct syringocele is a rare diagnosis and currently there exists no clinical guidelines for evaluation and management. This clinical challenge illustrates the case presentation, evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment options for of a newly diagnosed Cowper's Duct syringocele.

A 32-year-old man visited our clinic for evaluation of a mildly pruritic lesion on the glans. He complained of a recurrent red patch, which had been slowly enlarging over the previous three months.Clinical examination revealed a slightly raised plaque with a reticulated lacy net pattern and white threads on the glans. There was no evidence of skin, nail or other mucosal involvement on physical examination. Laboratory tests, including hepatitis and syphilis serologies, were normal or negative. Penile dermoscopy revealed white reticular and circular lines [Wickham striae (WS)] on a red background.

Pembrolizumab was recently approved for treatment of cancers with high tumor mutational burden (TMB). We conduct a focused literature review of TMB as a predictive biomarker. TMB quantifies the sum of non-synonymous coding mutations (typically single nucleotide substitutions and short insertion-deletions) per megabase of sequenced DNA. As a proxy for expression of immunogenic neoantigens, TMB may be an effective predictive biomarker for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, like other biomarkers in this setting, TMB has many limitations; the effect of this FDA approval in the current management of genitourinary cancers is likely limited to select situations.

To determine the sensitivity to change of question six (Q6) of the modified short form version of the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) before and after synthetic sling removal (SSR).

To demonstrate safety and efficacy of testis sparing surgery (TSS) in two specific circumstances: small, non-palpable masses suspected to be benign and masses suspicious for germ cell tumor (GCT) in a solitary or functionally solitary testicle or bilateral disease.

We thank Dr Brandes and colleagues for taking such an interest in the LSE classification system and hope that others will take the time to understand its utility as much as they have. We also acknowledge the effort that he and others have taken into development of their U-score and will again recognize the similarities between the two systems here, as we did in the original manuscript. However, describing a urethral stricture based on its location, length and etiology is hardly novel. There is nothing proprietary about saying “this patient has a 1 cm, proximal bulbar urethral stricture caused by a straddle injury”; or “this patient has a 2 cm, meatal stricture secondary to prolonged catheterization.” But the difference in how each respective classification/scoring system would categorize these strictures speaks to how they can and should be used in clinical practice.

We read Erickson et al1 with interest. We agree with the authors that a validated anterior urethral stricture classification system is most helpful when it can “predict clinical outcomes, aid in clinical communication, and facilitate [comparative] research”. The U Score, which we published in 2015, is such a stricture classification system. The detailed TURNS LSE classification system, is based on the 3 pillars of stricture length, location and etiology (LSE). We published in 2012 the first descriptive anterior urethral stricture classification system, called UREThRAL score,2 which we refined later into a categorical grading scale called the U score.

In most cases an ectopic ureter is associated with a duplicated renal collecting system while in only a few a single system is found. Bilateral single system ureteral ectopia is even rarer.A 9-year-old girl presented with urinary incontinence. Investigations pointed towards bilateral single system ectopic ureters with ectopic openings into vagina with a hypoplastic bladder.The left ureteric system was tortuous with malrotated and hypoplastic left kidney. A 4 × 2 cm hard calculus was found in the vagina.

To find clinical or radiographic factors that are associated with angioembolization failure after high-grade renal trauma.

There is growing evidence suggesting cannabinoids may provide suitable alternatives to conventional treatments in an increasing number of clinical settings. This review evaluates how cannabinoids are used to treat certain benign urological pathologies and to clarify the clinical value of this data. This review includes 62 papers and was undertaken per PRISMA's guidelines, it evidences the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in the management of specific benign urological diseases, most notably neurogenic bladder dysfunction (clinical studies), renal disease (animal studies) and interstitial cystitis (animal studies).

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has been utilized to create patient-specific (PS) replicas as visual aids for surgical planning 1,2,3,4. However, they cannot recreate the operative experience due to a lack of realistic tissue characteristics.

To assess the impact of multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) local tumor staging on prostate cancer risk stratification and choice of treatment.

To describe perspectives and experiences related to urology care-seeking of transgender and non-binary (TGNB) individuals assigned male at birth.

: To examine correlations of the modified Bosniak categories assigned by radiologists to histological results and inter-rater reliability, focusing on intermediate-risk lesions.

To describe the technical aspects of robot assisted laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation (RALUR) for the management of primary obstructive megaureter (POM) and report initial outcomes, safety and feasibility of the procedure.

To compare two minimally invasive surgical options for the treatment of obstructed megaureter: robot assisted dismembered extravesical cross-trigonal ureteral reimplantation (RADECUR) and laparoscopic dismembered extravesical cross-trigonal ureteral reimplantation (LDECUR).

Various techniques for orthotopic neobladder (ONB) are currently used and have shown satisfactory oncological and functional outcomes. Among the relevant oncological and functional aspects for long-term follow up is the easy accessibility of the upper urinary tract in urinary diversion for endoscopic monitoring. In addition, variety exists in the amount of ileum needed to create a urinary reservoir. Depending on the ONB technique, up to 60cm of ileum are required, and bowel dysfunction may be a consequence especially when the ileocecal valve is used for the urinary diversion.

To define the prevalence of cognitive impairment and sphincter misuse among men who had undergone AUS placement.