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Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a neurocutaneous disorder caused by a mutation on chromosome 17 of the gene for neurofibromin. Patients with this condition are prone to develop benign and malignant tumors of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Genitourinary involvement in children with NF1 is uncommon and primarily affects the bladder. External genital manifestations of NF1 are rare with sporadic reports of children presenting with enlargement of their penis, clitoris, or labia due to a neurofibroma.

Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is a common urological condition usually caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, urethral stricture, rarely by compression of surrounding organs. Herein we presented a BOO patient caused by the compression of displaced hemipelvic prosthesis after pelvic reconstruction. This report may help to increase awareness of BOO as a late complication of pelvic reconstruction.

Hydatid disease or Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by cestode Echinococcus granulosus. In humans, isolated renal involvement or primary renal hydatid cyst of the kidney is rare and accounts for about 1-5% of all the cases of hydatid cyst. Isolated renal hydatid cyst can mimic cystic renal tumour both clinically and radiologically. We present a rare case of isolated hydatid cyst in 38 years old male who was diagnosed as a case of cystic renal tumour on radiology.

To test the effect of obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) on perioperative outcomes and total hospital charges (THC) at robot-assisted vs. open radical prostatectomy (RARP vs. ORP).

To determine the frequency of complications related to urethral stricture and identify clinical factors associated with them.

To determine whether a clinically-relevant change in the total motile sperm count (TMSC) over time exists within the subfertile population.

We thank the authors for sharing the Catalonian experience and how it both complements and differs from the US experience. We recognize the limitations of WestLaw which, nonetheless, is the most comprehensive dataset available in US. International data clearly confirms that urologists are at considerably high medicolegal risk, and must take certain steps to minimize this. One aspect in particular that must be addressed is communication. Dealing with recovery and complications from procedures can be a lonely experience for patients.

We would like to congratulate Blazek et al.1 for their thoughtful legal review of litigation in vasectomy cases. Nevertheless, great limitations have been reported at Westlaw legal data base studies.

To characterize spermatogenesis in the estrogenized transgender patient.

To examine the safety and effectiveness of placing ureteral stents in an office-based setting versus in the operating room.

To evaluate the sensitivity of ultrasound imaging in detecting upper urinary tract malignancy in patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria (AMH) in an outpatient community setting.

To compare patients’ questionnaire-reported UI symptoms to determine which have the best concordance.

To demonstrate the utility of a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm for mining kidney stone composition in a large-scale electronic health records (EHR) repository.

to define computed tomography (CT) predictors of residual fragments after retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for kidney stones up to 20 mm in patients never submitted to surgical procedures for stone removal.

Nocturia is a bothersome, multifactorial condition with many underlying causes and contributing factors. Nocturnal polyuria (NP; overproduction of urine at night) is a frequent component. The prevalence of nocturia increases with age; specific estimates of prevalence are influenced by frequency thresholds used to define it. There is a tendency toward higher prevalence in young women than young men, which is reversed in later life.The association between frequency of nocturnal voiding and sleep disruption is well-documented.

To demonstrate the clinical feasibility of an articulated laparoscopic needle driver to assist in the performance of laparoscopic PN (LPN). Previous studies have demonstrated under-utilization of minimally invasive techniques for patients undergoing partial nephrectomy (PN).

To confirm the distribution of functional nerves involved in erectile function at the posterior of the prostate base, intraoperative nerve stimulation was performed during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP)

To evaluate the impact of frailty on adverse perioperative outcomes in patients treated with radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.

To investigate the diagnostic accuracy, inter-rater and intra-rater agreement of grade predictions based on the visual appearance of papillary upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) during digital ureteroscopy.

Lynch Syndrome (LS) entails a defective DNA mismatch repair system, which is the post-replicative proofreading and editing system, ensuring our genome's integrity. LS predisposes to several cancers, most commonly colorectal and endometrial cancers. LS occurs in approximately 1 in 250–1,000 people.LS is associated with urological malignancies with upper tract urothelial carcinoma the most common, although still clinically underestimated. Other urologic malignancies possibly associated with LS include bladder, prostate, testis, and renal cell carcinoma.